Planning Birth After A Previous Cesarean Delivery: It is important to have a discussion with your obstetrician about your chances of having a vaginal birth after a previous cesarean section. The success rates of vaginal birth post a cesarean delivery are between 60-80%, with women who have had a prior vaginal delivery having the highest rates of success (85-90%). The incidence of cesarean scar rupture is as low as 0.5% during a subsequent vaginal birth. Higher Rates Of Scar Rupture: 1. Women who have conceived within a short span of time post cesarean birth 2. Older women (>40years) 3. Obesity 4. Women carrying a heavy baby 5. Pregnancy that has continued beyond the due dates 6. Thin scar on ultrasound 7. Induction of labour: Women who go into labour spontaneously have a lower chance of scar rupture and better success at vaginal birth as opposed to women in whom labour is induced or augmented 8. Previous uterine surgeries 9. Extension of uterine incision in the previous
PCOS is an endocrine and metabolic disorder. It is considered in any woman with acne, hirsutism, menstrual irregularity, or obesity. Patients with PCOS, have anovulation, i.e. they may not produce a follicle cyclically. They may therefore present with primary amenorrhea (i.e. no periods at all), too few periods (oligomenorrhea) or secondary amenorrhea i.e. absence of periods for six months or more. Some may also have excessive, frequent and irregular bleeding (dysfunctional uterine bleeding). Resistance to insulin, and increase in insulin levels is an important factor in PCOS. Obesity is present in approximately one-half of patients with PCOS. The waist:hip ratio may be greater than 0.85. The cause of PCOS is unknown, but there is a possibility that PCOS may be a complex genetic disorder in which the genetic factor interacts with various environmental factors and causes imbalance in the hormones. The diagnosis of PCOS is based upon clinical and biochemical criteria. It